Abstract:
My study had two aims: 1. to describe and understand two faces of poverty: relative income poverty and severe material deprivation; 2. to estimate the spatial distribution of these indicators in Hungary. The poverty indicators were analyzed by age group, education of the household head, household type, work intensity, region, and degree of urbanization from 2005 until 2018. The relative income poverty rate and the severe material deprivation rate were estimated for 175 districts following the estimation method proposed by Battese et al. (1988). The models were tested on two large sample surveys (TÁRKI Household Monitor Survey 2014-2015 n=10,000 and EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, 2014, n=20,000). The estimates were validated, adjusted, and combined. . Compared to the EU-28 rate, the at-risk-of-poverty rate was 2-5 percentage points lower in Hungary, while the severe material deprivation rate was 15% percentage points higher in 2014. During the global recession, there can be observed a drastic increase in the severe material deprivation rate in Hungary, coming from 18% in 2008 peaking at 28% in 2013. In Hungary, poverty is rather a rural, especially children and young adults are affected. The final district-levelestimates just like the auxiliary data show large regional differences
